Lecture 1
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Defining Computer Architecture
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“Old” view of computer architecture:
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Introduction
ECE466/CS466 Advanced Computer Architecture
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Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) design i.e. decisions regarding:
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registers, memory addressing, addressing modes, instruction operands, available operations, control flow instructions, instruction encoding
“Real” computer architecture:
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Specific requirements of the target machine Design to maximize performance within constraints: cost, power, and availability Includes ISA, microarchitecture, hardware
Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Computer Architecture
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Why Study Computer Architecture
As a hardware designer/researcher – know how to design processor, cache, storage, graphics, interconnect, and so on As a system designer – know how to build a computer system using the best components available As a software designer – know how to get the best performance from the hardware
ISA
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Organization (Microarchitecture)
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Instruction format, addressing modes, … e.g. Intel IA32, IA64 Pipeline design, cache memories, … e.g. Intel i486, P6
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Hardware
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Clock frequency, fabrication technology, … e.g. Intel Pentium 4 1.3 GHz, 2.4 GHz, …
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Computer Technology
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Single Processor Performance
Move to multi-processor
Performance improvements:
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Improvements in semiconductor technology Improvements in computer architectures
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Feature size, clock speed
Enabled by HLL compilers, UNIX Lead to RISC architectures
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Together have enabled:
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Lightweight computers Productivity-based managed/interpreted programming languages
RISC
Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Current Trends in Architecture
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Classes of Computers
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Personal Mobile Device (PMD)
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Cannot continue to leverage...
