Research Methods

1. Analysis of covariance is:

a. A statistical technique that can be used to help equate groups on specific variables

b. A statistical technique that can be used to control sequencing effects

c. A statistical technique that substitutes for random assignment to groups

d. Adjusts scores on the independent variable to control for extraneous variables

2. To determine whether noise affects the ability to solve math problems, a researcher has one group solve math problems in a quiet room and another group solve math problems in a noisy room. The group solving problems in the noisy room completes 15 problems in one hour and the group solving problems in the quiet room completes 22 problems in one hour. In this experiment, the independent variable is ____________ and the dependent variable is _____________.

a. The number of problems solves; the difficulty of the problems

b. The number of problems solved; the noise level in the room

c. The noise level in the room; the number of problems solved

d. The noise level in the room; the difficulty of the problems

3. The posttest-only design with nonequivalent groups is likely to control for which of the following threats to internal validity:

a. History

b. Differential selection

c. Additive and interactive effects

d. Differential attrition

4. When all participants receive all treatment conditions, the study is susceptible to:

a. Order effects

b. Carryover effects

c. Analysis of covariance

d. a and b

5. A researcher is interested in the effects of a preschool program on later school performance. Because she is concerned that socio-economic-status (SES) is a potential extraneous variable in her study, she picks children to study who are only from low SES homes. The control technique she used in this study was:

a. Matching

b. Random assignment

c. Holding the extraneous variable constant

d. Statistically controlling the...