Final Exam Review

Final Exam Review

Chapter 18

1. The use of a chemical messenger to transfer information from cell to cell within a single tissue is referred to as paracrine communication.

2. Cyclic AMP functions as a second messenger to open ion channels and activate key enzymes in the cytoplasm.

3. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates the release of steroid hormones by the adrenal glands.

4. FSH production in male supports the maturation of sperm by stimulating nurse cells.

5. The two hormones released by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland are ADH and Oxytocin.

6. All of the following are true of the endocrine system except that

a. Releases chemicals into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body

b. Releases hormones that simultaneously alter the metabolic activities of many tissues and organs

c. Produces effects that can last for hours, days, and even longer.

d. Produces rapid local brief duration responses to specific stimuli

e. Functions to control ongoing metabolic processes

7. A cells hormonal sensitivities are determined by the presences or absence of appropriate receptors.

8. Hyothalmus

Pituitary gland

Thryroid

Thymus

Adrenal gland

Pineal gland

Heart

Parathyroid

Kidney

Digestivetract

Pancreatic islet

Gonads

Adipose tissue

9. What three higher level mechanisms are involved in integrating the activities of the nervous and endocrine systems?

The hypothalamus produces regulatory hormones that control secretion by endocrine cells in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The hypothalamus contains autonomic centers that exert direct neural control over the endocrine cells of the adrenal medullae. The hypothalamus releases ADH and oxytocin into the bloodstream at the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. These mechanisms are adjusted through negative feedback loops involving...