Submitted by: Submitted by annequa5
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Category: Literature
Date Submitted: 10/04/2015 06:11 AM
MODELS OF
ABNORMALITY
Chapter 2
1
QUESTIONS?
About class so far?
About biological, psychodynamic, or behavioral
models?
Operant conditioning vs. classical conditioning
2
COGNITIVE MODEL
Cognitive processes
(e.g., understanding,
thinking) are at the
center of psychological
health and
psychopathology
What causes abnormal
functioning?
3
COGNITIVE MODEL:
COGNITIVE DISTORTIONS
Several kinds of faulty thinking
Dichotomous thinking or
All-or-Nothing thinking
Jumping to Conclusions
Overgeneralization
Magnification and minimization
Catastrophising
“Should” statements
Mind reading
Emotional Reasoning
Disqualifying the Positive
Consider the validity and/or utility of thoughts
4
COGNITIVE THERAPIES
Cognitive Model: thoughts, feelings, behaviors
Beck’s Cognitive Therapy
The goal of cognitive therapy - help clients
recognize and restructure their thinking
5
COGNITIVE MODEL
Strengths:
Very broad appeal
Clinically useful &
effective
Focuses on a uniquely
human process
Correlation between
symptoms and
maladaptive cognition
Weaknesses:
The precise role of
cognition is still
unknown
Singular, narrow focus
Limited effectiveness
Verification of cognition
is difficult
Research-based
6
THE HUMANISTIC-EXISTENTIAL MODEL
Broader dimensions of
human existence
Humanist: optimistic view of
human nature
We are driven to self-actualize
Existentialist: humans have
total freedom & responsibility
Emphasize self-determination,
choice, & personal
responsibility
HUMANISTIC THEORY & THERAPY
Carl Rogers
Basic human need: unconditional positive regard
If received, leads to unconditional self-regard
If not, leads to “conditions of worth”
Incapable of self-actualization because of distortion – don’t
know what they really need, etc.
HUMANISTIC THEORY & THERAPY
Rogers’ “client-centered” therapy...