Life on the Rise

Charlotte Ruhl AP Human Geography

TEST #1 STUDY GUIDE

* Geocentric theory – idea that Earth was the center of the universe

* Moon, sun, and planets, moved around earth

* Idea came from Aristotle, expanded by Ptolemy

* Scientific Revolution – new way of thinking about the natural world (using observation)

* Arose in the mid-1500s

* Challenged ideas of ancient thinkers and church

* Factors leading to the revolution:

* Rise of universities and growth of towns & trade

* Renaissance

* Exploration and contact with non-western societies

* Crusades – challenged religious authority

* Heliocentric theory – idea that the sun is the center of the universe

* Nicolaus Copernicus became interested with this old Greek Idea in the early 1500s

* Confirmed after studying planets for 25 years

* Didn’t publish findings until 1542: On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies

* Tyro Brache expanded this theory though more observation

* Johannes Kepler continued Brahe’s work, after he died, by studying Brahe’s data

* Concluded mathematical laws govern planetary motion

* Planets revolve around the sun in an elliptical orbit

* Galileo Galilei – built on theories about astronomy

* Built his own telescope in 1609

* Published his findings in his book Starry Messenger in 1610

* Jupiter had 4 moons

* Sun had dark spots

* Earth’s moon has uneven surface (contradicts Aristotle)

* Frightened church and warned by them in 1616

* Published Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems in 1632

* Supported Copernican theory

* Summoned to Rome for trial

* 1633 confessed that Copernicus’ ideas were false (to avoid torture)

* 1992 – church acknowledged that he was right

* Enlightenment – a new intellectual...