Ireland 1170 - 1765

England and Ireland 1170 – 1658

1170- 1264

-In 1170, the King of Leinster requested military support from England, Strongbow and his Knights answer the call, and arrive in Ireland, conquering much of the south east.

-In 1171, King Henry II of England invades Ireland with a massive invasion force, many church leaders and Gaelic Irish Lords pledge allegiance to the Royal throne.

-By 1250, around 75% of all the Irish land was under Anglo-Norman control.

-Anglo Norman feudalism was introduced into Ireland by 1264, and the Gaelic Irish were reduced to serfdom.

-A parliament was introduced based on the English model, which appointed nobles.

1264 – 1485

-English kings were preoccupied with conflicts abroad and dynastic struggles at home.

-Anglo Norman lords became permanent Irish ruling class, and intermarriage and assimilation between Gaelic Irish and Anglo Norman families was commonplace.

-By 1485, the land that the English had royal control over was reduced to ‘the pale’, or Dublin and its surrounding area.

1485 – 1509 : Henry VII

-Henry curbed the power of the Irish aristocracy.

1509 – 1547 : Henry VIII

-Henry used the Irish parliament to declare himself King of Ireland.

-Imposed a new land ownership system and rewarded prominent Irish lords in return for their submission.

-Henry’s anti-papal policy caused even more resentment for him in Ireland.

1558 – 1603 : Elizabeth I

-Elizabeth I conquered Ireland on a ‘civilising mission’, as she viewed them as barbaric and rude.

-No real attempt to impose Protestantism, even though she conquered much of Ireland before her death in 1603.

-Put down several rebellions, especially in Ulster.

-Allows Catholicism to continue in Ireland.

1610 – The Plantation of Ulster

-In 1603, James I (James VI of Scotland) takes the English throne.

-in 1610, he seized land in western Ulster, which is given to mainly Scottish settlers.

-Irish landowners reduced to status of tenants or labourers.

-Scottish settlers...