Exam 1 Notes

• 2. What are the three types of reasoning? — deductive(General to specific),

inductive(specific to general), inferential/abductive(least certainty)

• 3. What is the difference between analytic and empirically verifiable statements? —

The veracity (or truthfulness) of analytical statements depends upon the definitions

of the words used; The veracity of empirical statements depends upon actual states

of affairs in the world; analytic equals analysis, empirical equals senses

• 2. What is the problem of the one and the many? — Relation of universals and

particulars, the question of where our knowledge comes from

• 4. What constitutes the discovery of ‘form’? — Our mind makes up for the

imperfections of form based on the perfect view of what the form actually looks like.

The transcendent essence of things gives its shape.

• 6. What does it mean to say that Plato is a metaphysical dualist? — because of his

view of ontology. Plato believes that we get our understanding of reality from a

metaphysical realm, he believes in two forms of reality: the world of the being and

the world of the becoming...

• 7. How is Aristotle’s theory of the forms different from Plato’s? — Aristotle adopts a

more empirical notion and suggests that the forms are immanent(inherent) in

material objects, as opposed to Plato’s notion that they are transcendent

• 8. Name and describe Aristotle’s four types of causation. — 1)Material cause, of the

elements out of which an object is created. 2)Efficient cause, or the means by which

it is created 3)Formal cause, or the expression of what it is 4)Final cause, or the end

for which it is — ‘Telos' (end or purpose)

• 1. What kind of dualism did Descartes advocate? — rationalist, he thinks reason and

logic is what governs our perception of knowledge and reality, it was his whole idea

of mind and matter (thus dualism) which I guess it called Cartesian Dualism...

• 3. Translate and explain cogito ergo sum — I think,...