Case Study- Vsd

Allison Silverman

Bio. 204

1.

a. To hear the tricuspid valve, you would auscultate the fourth intercostal space on the lower left sternal border. sounds can be heard in the second intercostal space at the left upper sternal margin for the pulmonary valve. The aortic valve can be heard in the second intercostal space at the right upper sternal border to hear the aortic valve. To hear the mitral valve, you would auscultate in the 5th intercostal space, at the hearts apex, at the midclavicular line. (Marieb & Hoehn, 2013, p. 679).

b. You would auscultate from the lower left sternal border to the right lower sternal border which is where the defect lies.

2.

a. lub- dup is the normal sound of the heart; the first sound, lub, occurs as a result of the Atrio-Ventricular valves closing. The second sound, dup, occurs when the semilunar valves close ventricular diastole begins, resulting in a sharp, short sound (Marieb & Hoehn, 2013, p. 678).

b. You would expect to hear the abnormal sound between the isovolumetric contraction phase, ventricular systole 1, and the ventricular ejection phase, ventricular systole 2. It occurs during the first heart because of the closing of the atrioventricular valves which is ventricular systole 1, then when the ventricles contract, the blood moves from the left ventricle to the right ventricle which is when the murmur would be heard, and then the semilunar valves shut.

3.

a. Left to right ventricle

b. Additional blood moves to the right ventricle from the left ventricle because the left is stronger, the pressure in the right ventricle is lower as a result, so blood will move from an area of high pressure to low, where there is the least amount of resistance (Marieb & Hoehn, 2013, p. 687).

4.

a. The blood is red in the left ventricle (oxygenated) blood is blue in the right ventricle (deoxygenated)

b. Since the blood is moving from the left ventricle, which would be red, to...