Moral Theories

Diana Rodriguez

Paper 1

Introduction to Philosophy

November 10, 2015

The two moral theories I choose are: utilitarianism and ethical egoism. In utilitarianism the moral principle holds that the morality of the right course of an action produces maximum benefits for everyone; thus, utilitarianism does not care whether the benefit are produced by lies, manipulation, or by threats. Furthermore, the action to acquire the end result might come from evil actions or a price, but overall the end result is to benefit everyone not caring how the action was carried out. Thus, actions are morally right on the view if an only if they to maximize pleasure or well-being or minimize suffering. In contrast, ethical egoism holds that moral conduct ought to be judged thought self-interest. Furthermore, egoism states similar to utilitarianism in where the good consequences for an individual outweigh the consequences placed upon others, but in utilitarianism the end result product is to the benefit of everyone. Unlike, ethical egoism is to the benefit of an individual that is benefiting from the action and it does not have any concern to the welfare of others. As it is a side effect and not as important as the consequences for the individual. Overall, the actions of ethical egoism are evil because it is only concern with an individual and not the well being of a society. Therefore, it is centered around selfishness and greed and are actions that are blameworthy.

In utilitarianism the greatest good is not always clear. For example, an action that could result in a greater good might not be clear: until the end result is revealed, since no one cannot foretell the future. Furthermore, harm might come to some and the greater good neglects the fact that there will be harm to some. But the overall message of utilitarianism is the majority of people will benefit from the decision, but there will be others who will suffer. Therefore, what makes an action in utilitarianism...