Case Study on Cardiovascular System

Crimes of the Heart: A Case Study on Cardiovascular System

Crimes of the Heart: A Case Study on Cardiovascular System

Q1: a)

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1 | Tricuspid Valve | heard in the right external margin of the 4th intercostals space (Brunner, S, 2008). . |

2 | Mitral Valve | heard over the heart apex which is in the 5th intercostal space in midclavicular line (Brunner, S, 2008). |

3 | Pulmonary Valve | heard at the 2nd intercostal space at the left sternal margin (Brunner, S, 2008) |

4 | Aortic Valve |   heard at the 2nd intercostal space at the right sternal margin (Brunner, S, 2008) |

b) Interventricular septum is the affected part in caleb's case, so the best area to hear this part is Tricuspid point (left lower sternal border) or Erb's point (Brunner, S, 2008).

Q2: a) "Lub dub" or S1 and S2 are the normal heart sounds (Marieb. E, Hoehn. K, 2015). The lub (S1) sound is heard when the AV valves (tricuspid and bicuspid) are closing and the dub sound is generated by the closure of semilunar valves (pulmonary and aortic valve) (Marieb. E, Hoehn. K, 2015).

b) Ventricular Septal defect produce holosystolic murmur, which is begin with or immediately after S1 and continue till S2 (Lome. S, 2015). The first sound (S1) is heard after the closure of AV Valves, which is followed by ventricular contraction and blood pushed forcefully from the left ventricle to the right ventricle (Lome. S, 2015). At the end the semilunar valves close (S2) (Lome. S, 2015). The narrower the hole the louder the murmur (Lome. S, 2015).

Q3: a) The defect of caleb causes blood to move from left ventricle to the right ventricle during systole(Marieb. E, Hoehn. K, 2015) .

b) Due to the difference in pressure between right ventricle and left ventricle, the blood moves from higher pressure to lower pressure (Marieb. E, Hoehn. K, 2015). The blood pressure in the right ventricle is lower than the pressure in the left ventricle (Marieb. E,...