Lung Structure

P2- Physiology of the lungs

Describe the role of each of the structures of the lungs

Trachea

The trachea, also called the windpipe, is a 4 inch long tube that measures a diameter of less than one inch. The trachea begins right below the voice box (larynx) and runs down just below the sternum (breastbone). It then divides into two smaller tubes known as bronchi; each lung having a bronchus. Each time you inhale, the trachea slightly lengthens and widens, and it goes back to its normal size whenever you exhale.

The main functions of the Trachea

1: Air conduction; respiration

This is the primary function of the windpipe or trachea; to allow air passage to your lungs for respiration i.e. to breathe in air rich in oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. When you inhale air, oxygen travels down your trachea, then to the bronchi, then to the bronchioles, and then the alveoli. If the trachea suffers from any damage, it will lead to its blockage or collapse. This will interfere with the normal air exchange, which if not treated urgently could result in death.

2: Digestive Process Function

The trachea also plays an important role in the digestive process. Your trachea is connected to the tubing system that makes it possible for you to swallow. Your respiratory system has created a mechanism that prevents respiratory failures and choking. When this tubing system is blocked, you start choking. Choking, combined with coughing reflex, enables the ciliated cells to get the foreign object out of the respiratory system and trachea.

3. Thermoregulation

This enhances the humidifying and warming of the air that enters the lungs. When there is increased temperature, a system is activated by the body which promotes loss of heat and the body temperature is returned to normal. On the other hand, when the air is too cold, your trachea can warm the air before it enters into your lungs, thus promoting a thermo balance.

Bronchi

Bronchi are the main passageway into...