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Differences Between Acute and Chronic Inflammation

Acute Inflammation

Chronic Inflammation

Features

Onset

Duration of Course

Specificity

Cardinal Signs

Causative Agents

Rapid onset

Short (Days)

Non-specific

 Pain (Dolor)

 Heat (Calor)

 Redness (Rubor)

 Swelling (Tumor)

 Loss of Function (Functio Leasa)

 Physical and Chemical damages

 Pathogen invasion

 Tissue necrosis

 Immune response

 Neutrophils

 Macrophages

Fundamental Cells

Fluid Exudation and Edema

Fibrosis

Angiogenesis

Systemic Manifestation

Peripheral Blood Changes

Primary Mediators

Present

Absent

Absent

 High grade fever

 Other 5 cardinal signs









Neutrophil Leukocytosis (bacterial infection)

Lymphocytosis (viral infection)

Vasoactive amines

o Serotonin

o Histamine

Eicosanoids

o Prostaglandins

o Thromboxane

Insidious/delayed onset

Long (Weeks to Months)

Specific as it involves Acquired Immunity

Absent in any of cardinal signs







Presistent infection

Presence of foreign bodies

Autoimmunity

Lymphocytes

o T cells

o B cells

 Macrophages

 Fibroblasts

Absent

Present

Present

 Low grade fever

 Loss of weight

 Loss of appetite

 Often absent

 Increase in the level of Antibodies

 Interferon Gamma

 TNF alpha

 Growth Factor

 ROS

 Hydrolyzing enzymes



Features

Pathogenesis

Differences Between Acute and Chronic Inflammation

Acute Inflammation

Chronic Inflammation

1. Increased blood flow

1. Infiltration of Mononuclear Phagocyting Cells

a. Transient vasocontriction upon endothelial

a. Macrophages

injury

i. Circulate as monocytes and reach site of

b. Followed by released of cytokines that

injury within 24 – 48 hrs and transform

promotes vasodilation leads to warmness

ii. Activatd by numerous cytokines from the

and redness of injured area

injured site

2. Increased capillary permeability

b. T and B cells

a. Increased volume of blood passes the

i. Recruited and activated by Antigen

capillar; increasing Endothelial permeability

Presenting Cells like macrophages and

b. IVF moves...