Submitted by: Submitted by chocojojo16
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Words: 613
Pages: 3
Category: Science and Technology
Date Submitted: 02/21/2016 07:03 PM
Keliane Teufack
Mrs Carlson
Questions: 1. What type(s) of bonding is(are) involved at each of the following levels of protein structure (4pts.):
a. Primary – Chain of Amino Acids connected by covalent peptide bond
b. Secondary – Alpha helix and Beta pleated sheet and are connected by a hydrogen bond
c. Tertiary – Create three dimensional where in between there is a hydrophobic interaction, ionic bond, and covalent bond
d. Quaternary – Has the same bonds as tertiary level but it also has interaction between separated polypeptides
The case study background focuses on a specific sulfhydryl group-containing amino acid found in keratin, the principle structural protein in hair.
a. Which amino acid contains a sulfhydryl R-group? -½ pt - Cysteine
b. How do these R-groups interact to contribute to protein structure? -1 pt. - They form ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic forces, and disulphide bridges between thiol groups on pairs of the Amino Acid cysteine these all help to form a tertiary structure.
c. At which level of protein structure are they used? - ½ pt – They are used at the tertiary level
These amino acids (from Question 2 – containing sulfhydryl groups) are present in many proteins, such as keratin and insulin. Discuss the significance of the loss of this particular amino acid (resulting from a genetic mutation) in the human protein insulin. Address the following questions: (Hint: You may need to find other resources to answer this question.
a. What is the function of the hormone insulin? (1 pt.) - Insulin regulates how the body uses and stores glucose and fat. Which is then used for energy
b. What structural changes may occur to insulin as a result of the mutation resulting in the loss of the sulfhydryl-group-containing amino acid? Why? – 2 pts. - It would result in a total loss of it's 3-D structure because insulin consists of two polypeptide chains, A- and B- linked together by disulfide bonds.
c. In regard to the...