The Feasibility of Dumbcane as Pesticide

Chapter II

This chapter shows all related literature and studies that are connected to the research on Bixa orellana as an alternative printer ink. It also gives some information that may help in making this research study.

Introduction

Nowadays, electronic devices are widely used which help us in our daily living. One of these devices is the printer which is commonly used especially by students, teachers, and office workers, this device is used to print and create a hard copy of a certain document.

Annatto (Bixaorellana) is a vegetable coloring material obtained from the pulpy substances surrounding the seeds of the plant, which belongs to the family Bixacea.

This study was conducted to test the feasibility of annatto extracts as an alternative printer ink.

Review of Related Literature

Annatto demonstrated antigonorrheal activity in 1995 study. In another research, flower and leaf extracts demonstrated in vitro antibacterial activity against several bacteria, including E. coli and Staphylococcus.

Annatto oil is the main source of pigments bixin and norbixin, which are classified as carotenoids. Bixin extracted and used as a food colorant has been shown to protect against ultraviolet rays and to have antioxidant and liver protective properties in clinical research.

Annatto also contains bixaghanene, bixein, bixol, crocetein, ellagic acid, ishwarane, isobixin, phylalanine, salicylic acid, threonine, tomentosic acid, and tryptophan.

In Brazilian herbal medicine, a leaf of annatto is used to treat heartburn and stomach distress caused by spicy food and as a mild diuretic and mild laxative. It is also used for fever and malaria, and topically, to treat burns.

Annatto is a common remedy in Peruvian herbal medicine. Eight to ten dried leaves are boiled for ten minutes in one liter of water, and one cup is drunk three times daily after meal to treat prostate disorders and internal inflammations, arterial hypertensions, high cholesterol, cystitis,...