Key Words

KEY WORDS EXAM III

Helicase - an enzyme that breaks the bonds between base pairs in DNA, leaving two rows of bases with free-ends, on which new complementary strands can form

DNA polymerase I - is an enzyme that participates in the process of DNA replication. Discovered by Arthur Kornberg in 1956, it was the first known DNA polymerase (and, indeed, the first known of any kind of polymerase)

DNA polymerase III - DNA polymerase III holoenzyme is the primary enzyme complex involved in prokaryotic DNA replication. It was discovered by Thomas Kornberg (son of Arthur Kornberg) and Malcolm Gefter in 1970.

DNA ligase - an enzyme that joins up a break in a single strand of DNA so that it reconstitutes the double strand in a DNA molecule

RNA primase - An RNA polymerase that synthesizes a short RNA primer sequence to initiate DNA replication.

complimentary strands - two single strands of dna in which the nucleotide Sequence is such that they will bind as a result of base pairing throughout their full length.

Semi-conservative - relating to or denoting replication of a nucleic acid in which one complete strand of each double helix is directly derived from the parent molecule.

RNA primer - A short strand of RNA that is synthesized along single-stranded DNA during replication

Okazaki fragment - a relatively short (100–2000 bp in Escherichia coli and 100–200 bp in mammals) fragment of DNA that is later joined by DNA ligase to allow for 3′ → 5′ overall chain growth during replication.

origin or replication - The origin of replication (also called the replication origin) is a particular sequence in a genome at which replication is initiated. This can either involve the replication of DNA in living organisms such as prokaryotes and eukaryotes, or that of DNA or RNA in viruses, such as double-stranded RNA viruses

replication fork - The point at which the two strands of DNA are separated to allow replication of each strand

lagging strand - A...