Exam

Bio 141 Exam 2 Review Sheet

*Bring a #2 pencil*

Muscle Physiology

1) List and describe the 4 characteristics of muscle tissue

2) What are the 3 types of muscle tissue? How do they differ based on control, location, and function?

3) What is muscle tone?

4) What is a motor unit? What are the differences between small and large motor units? What types of muscles are controlled by each?

5) What are the three phases of a muscle twitch? What is occurring at the subcellular level during each phase?

6) What is the significance of treppe to athletes?

7) What is occurring during wave (temporal) summation and why?

8) What is tetanus?

9) What is occurring during spatial summation and why?

10) Differentiate between isometric, isotonic, eccentric, and concentric contractions.

11) What are the characteristics of slow fibers? Of fast fibers? What types of athletic activities are best supported by each fiber type?

12) How do your muscles change in response to aerobic exercise? To resistance exercise?

13) What is occurring during muscle fatigue?

14) How do you accumulate an oxygen debt?

15) What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum? The t-tubules?

16) What is the role of the thin (actin) and thick (myosin) filaments during muscle contraction?

17) Describe the components of the thin filaments and function of each.

18) Explain the sliding filament theory of contraction.

19) What is the smallest structure that shortens during contraction?

20) How is a muscle stimulated to contract? Describe the events that occur at the neuromuscular junction.

21) Once an action potential is generated along the sarcolemma, what is the next series of steps leading up to contraction?

22) What is occurring during the latent period (excitation-contraction coupling)?

23) What is the role of calcium in contraction? Of ATP?

24) Once the myosin heads are attached to the actin, what occurs?

25) How does contraction stop? What...