Pharmacology Study Guide

EXAM 3 Study Guide PPRA3315

* Know which classes of antibiotics are bacteriostatic versus bactericidal

* When given an antibiotic be able to identify its class AND the mechanism of action for that class

* Recognize common or unique adverse reactions/side effects for antimicrobial drug classes

* Know common dosage forms and treatment durations of antifungals

* Recognize commonly used HIV medications

* Know how drugs treating nausea work

* When given a GI agent, be able to identify its class

* Differentiate between IBS and IBD

* What which antibiotics are common for UTIs

* Is there an interaction between antibiotics and birth control?

Antibiotics

• Define the term selective toxicity and be able to list 3 ways selective toxicity is achieved

* Def: Ability of a drug to injure a target cell or target organism without injuring other cells or organisms that are in close contact

* 3 ways it is achieved

1. Disruption of bacterial cell wall promotes bacterial lysis

2. Inhibition of an enzyme critical to bacterial survival

3. Disruption of bacterial protein synthesis

• What is the difference between broad-spectrum and narrow-spectrum antibiotics?

* Broad-spectrum antibiotics: act against a wide variety of microbes

* Narrow-spectrum antibiotics: act against a few species of microorganisms

• Describe the concept of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)

* Def: Lowest antibiotic concen that inhibits visible growth of the bacteria

• Be familiar with mechanisms of microbial drug resistance and how that resistance is acquired

* Alteration of Target Sites

* Enzymes that inactivate antibiotics (beta-lactamases)

* Efflux Pumps- ↓ antibiotic in the cell

* Decreased permeability or Altering of porin channels

* Be able to explain the role of antibiotics in promoting resistance

* Antibiotics can drive a resistant infect by killing off normal flora in the body. It causes resistant infects...