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Date Submitted: 05/06/2016 12:06 AM
CHAPTER 3
TYPES OF FLOW
3.1 FLUID FLOW
3.2 UNIFORM FLOW AND STEADY FLOW
3.3 COMPRESSIBLE AND INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOW
3.4 LAMINAR AND TURBULENT FLOW
3.5 REYNOLDS NUMBER
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this chapter, student should be able to:
i Define each types of flow including pathline, streamline and
stream tube
ii Discuss the differences / characteristics of steady,
unsteady, uniform, non-uniform, laminar, transitional and
turbulent flow
iii Calculate Reynolds Number
iv Determine the types of flow based on Reynolds Number
#
3.1 FLUIDS IN MOTION
Fluids can move or flow in many ways.
Water may flow smoothly and slowly in a quiet stream
or violently over a waterfall.
The air may form a gentle breeze or a raging tornado.
To deal with such diversity, it helps to identify some of
the basic types of fluid flow.
#
3.1 FLUID FLOW
Pathlines : The path followed by a liquid particle in motion is called a
pathline. Thus, the pathline shows the direction of a particle for a certain
period of time or between two given section.
Pipe
A liquid particle
t1
t0
Path line
#
3.1 FLUID FLOW
Streamlines : The imaginary line drawn in a fluid, in such a way that the
tangent to which at any point gives the direction of motion at the point. Thus,
the stream line shows the direction of motion of a number of particles at the
same time.
– Because the fluid is moving in the same direction as the streamlines, fluid
can not cross a streamline.
– Streamlines can not cross each other. If they were to cross this would
indicate two different velocities at the same point. This is not physically
possible.
– The above point implies that any particles of fluid starting on one
streamline will stay on that same streamline throughout the fluid.
Streamlines around a wing shaped body
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3.1 FLUID FLOW
When the flow is steady, streamlines are often used to represent
the trajectories of the fluid particles.
A streamline is a line drawn in the fluid such that a tangent to the
streamline at any...