Final Review Anatomy

Final Review

1. Useful Definitions: peristalsis, hepatic portal blood supply, intrinsic factor, enteric nervous system, colon, hypo-osmotic, hyperosmotic, hypotonic, hypertonic, diarrhea, constipation, glomerulus, juxtaglomerulur complex, podocytes, vasa recta, pyloric sphincter, deglutition, heartburn, lacteal, brush border, bile, micturition, tubular secretion, tubular reabsorption, juxtamedullary nephrons, cortical nephrons, endometrium, granulosa cells, corpus luteum, ovulation, LH surge, zona pellucida

2. Know the basic anatomy of the digestive system and the major events that occur in each part; role of the liver, gall bladder and pancreas.

3. Know the hormones (eg secretin, CCK, gastrin) and any of the enzymes required for digestion. Note the role of the autonomic system (ANS) in control of digestive activities.

4. One way to study this area would be to take each of the metabolic substrates i.e. protein, fat and carbohydrate and for each one check where digestion occurs, what enzymes are required, where are the enzymes produced, are they active or do they need to be activated, what are the end products of digestion and where and how are they absorbed. What hormones or ANS activity would be involved to coordinate digestion of each substrate?

5. Know the basic anatomy of the urinary system.

6. Know the structure of the nephron and the three major activities (filtration, reabsorption, secretion) carried out by the nephron.

7. Know how to calculate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal clearance rate for a substance.

8. How does the kidney use intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms to control the GFR and thus help maintain blood pressure? P972

9. The role of ADH in the formation of concentrated or dilute urine. P981

10. Regulation of the acid-base balance of the body by the kidneys and the respiratory system. Ch26

11. Know the basic anatomy of the female & male reproductive systems and basic functions of each part.

12. Know...