Organic Chemistry

Summary of Organic Reactions

by F.7B 2000/01

Alkane

General Features

|Hydrocarbon sp3 single covalent bonds = saturated |

|Each C is tetrahedral hydrophobic = immiscible with water |

|general molecular formula = CnH2n+2 |

Physical Properties of Alkanes

|Boiling points |Van der Waals’ forces |

| |molecular size |

| |degree of contact |

Chemical Reaction of Alkanes

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|1.Combution of alkanes |CH4(g)+2O2 (g) ( 2H2O (g) |

|2.Halogenation |CH4(g)+Cl2 (g) hv ( CH3—Cl(g)+HCl(g) |

| |Free Radical Mechanism, mixture of products |

|3.Nitration |C3H8(g)+HNO3(g) ( C3H7—NO2(l)+H2O(g) |

|4. Oxidation |CH4 + 2 O2 ( CO2+ H2O |

|5. Dehydrogenation |C2H6---850oC --->H2C=CH2+H2 (not in school lab) |

MECHANISM OF Free Radical SUBSTITUTION (Halogenation) of ALKANES Initiation Cl2 --------> 2 Cl( (chlorine radical)

Propagation Cl( + CH4 ------> HCl + ( CH3

( CH3 + Cl--Cl ------> CH3Cl +( Cl

Termination...