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Date Submitted: 07/31/2016 06:09 PM
Metabolism and Nutrition- 7/28/16- begin FINAL EXAM material
* Weight combo of hereditary and environment
* Apetite and weight control based on peptide hormones
* Gut-brain peptides from GI to brain
* Short-term= ghrelin increase affect hypothal stops an hour after eating, peptide YY secreted by entero endocrine of ilium and colon, signal that food has arrived in stomach proportionate to amt/ calories consumed, cholecystokinin duodenum and jejunum bile and pancreatic and vagus nerve affected to suppress appetite
* Long term- govern intake and expenditure long term, activate mech for adding or removing fat
* Leptin by adipocytes, informs brain how much fat we have, some obese have defective leptin
* Insulin- by pancreatic B cells, glycogen, fat synth, has index on body fat stores
* Weaker effect than leptin
* See figure 26.1 for peptides and organs involved **
* NT stim diff kinds of cravings
* Norep- carbs
* Galanin- fats
* Endorph- proteins
* BMI cut-offs – see book 20-25, 27, 30 for normal, overweight, obese
* Fat highest NRG
* essential nut. can’t be made in the body
* SEE POSTED SLIDES EXPLAINING THESE + NUTRIENTS
* Sugar- as a combo of carbs and fats—satisfies most cellular needs
* carb intake regulates the metabolism of other nutrients
* excess fat is converted to fat and stored
* consumption of carbs required in higher amts than other nutrients bc they are metabolized most quickly
* cellulose not a nutrient bc cant be digested but it is a dietary fiber and is thus helpful
* High GI = high demand for insulin
* Know:
* Sucrose- sugarcane and beets
* Fructose- fruits and corn syrup
* Maltose- germinating cereal grains
* Lactose- cow’s milk
* Fibers:
* Cellulose, pectin- water soluble and increases blood chol and LDL levels, gums, ligins
* Too much makes it hard for you to absorb trace...