Staph

Cocci | Gram +/ - | Catalase Test | Coagulase | Notes |

Staphylococcus | Positive | Positive | | Media: Selective differential media- only staph. will grow. S. Aureus can ferment mannitol.Blood Agar Plate- Beta Hemolytic |

* Staphylococcus Aureus | Gram Positive | Catalase Positive | Coagulase Positive | Major PathogenHumans are the major reservoir Normal flora of the anterior nares, nasal passages, skin, vagina, and peri-anal10-90% carriage rate * Health care workers * IV drug users * Chronic dermatalogic conditions * Diabetics * Dialysis Patients Transmitted via aerosols (URI especially), direct skin-skin contact, and indirect contact (shared towel ect) |

| Gram Positive | Catalase Positive | Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS) | Frequent cause of nosocomial (diseases from hospitals) infections. 50-75% of nosocomial isolates are nafcillin (methicillin) resistantTreatment options: * Daptomycin * Vancomycin * Rifampin Daptomycin is a 1st lipopeptide antimicrobial, bactericidal |

* Staphylococcus Epidermis | Gram Positive | Catalase Positive | Coagulase Negative | Infection of prosthetic devices (catheters and implants) |

* Staphylococcus saprophyticus | Gram Positive | Catalase Positive | Coagulase Negative | Frequent cause of community acquired UTI’s in females. |

* Staphylococcus Hominis | Gram Positive | Catalase Positive | Coagulase Negative | Body odor |

Streptococcus | Gram Positive | Catalase Negative | | |

Staphylococcus Aureus | | | | |

- Virulence Factors | Protein A:Binds the Fc region of the antibody. Antibody is bound incorrectly and does not mediate normal protective functions. | Coagulase:Cloak w/ fibrin retards the immune response. Activity is linked to invasive Potentials | Hemolysins and leukocidins: * Alpha, beta, and gamma toxins. Panton-Valentine leucocidin Exfoliatin: * Protease cleaves desmosomes and causes shedding of the epidermis | Enterotoxins:...