Disaster Risk Chapter 2

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Literature and studies relevant to the study were gathered and reviewed to provide better understanding of the concepts and significance of the research. The chapter is composed of foreign literature, local literature, foreign studies, local studies, and synthesis. The references used unpublished materials, and journals. The researchers also used the internet in gathering information.

Foreign Literature

The UK government has warned that the threat of cybercrime is more of a concern than nuclear war. That alarming statement - or scare tactics, call it what you will - came from, which claimed that the UK is losing the fight to protect people from cyber criminals, or "e-crime".

"We are not winning the war on online criminal activity. We are being too complacent about these e-wars because the victims are hidden in cyberspace," said committee chair Keith Vaz in the report on e-crime, which arrived after a 10-month inquiry.

"The threat of a cyber-attack to the UK is so serious it is marked as a higher threat than a nuclear attack."

Vaz claimed that the UK is the main online target of cybercrime gangs in 25 countries due to the information stored on servers within its critical infrastructure, such as financial data.

According to the committee, the UK's problem seems to stem from a "black hole", where cybercriminals are able to extract information due to a lack of active police enforcement in the country. The committee also noted that cybercrime is not being reported well enough, and instead banks are offering refunds to customers hit by attacks and looking for long-term solutions.

As a result, the committee report called for the creation of a "state of the art espionage response centre". According to the MPs, this centre will help combat the growing tide of cyber attacks targeting industry in Britain.

"We need to establish a state of the art espionage response centre. At the moment the law enforcement response to...