Sculpture

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D. Romanesque Architecture

The Romanesque style of the tenth to the twelfth centuries was remarkable for the tentative use of a new constructive principle, the deliberate articulation of structure, in which each construction part played a designed role in establishing equilibrium. The general character of the Romanesque style is sober and dignified, while formal missing depends on the grouping of towers and the projection of transepts and choir. The character depends on the employment of vaulting, based initially on Roman methods.

E. Byzantine Architecture (5th Century to the Present Day)

The character of Byzantine Architecture, which dates from the fifth century to the present day, determined by the novel development of the dome to cover polygonal and square plans for churches, tombs and baptisteries.

The practice of using a domical system of roof construction is in strong contrast to the early Christian timber tussles. It may be broadly stated that Basilican type of plan belongs to early Christian architecture, and the domed, centralized type of plan to the Byzantine.

F. Early Christian Architecture (313-800)

The Early Christian, as Roman craftsmen, continued old Roman traditions, but prosperity was declining and it was natural that the materials from Roman temples had become useless for their original purposes, further in their churches, model on Roman basilicas, they used old columns which, by various devices were brought to a uniform height.

On this account, although extremely interesting from an archaeological point of view, early Christian buildings hardly have the architectural value of a style produced by the solution of constructive buildings. Basilican churches had either closely spaced columns carrying the entablature. The Basilican church with three or five aisles, covered by a simple timber roof, is typical of the Early Christian style.

G. Islamic Architecture (7th Century to the Present Day)

Islamic Architecture id a...