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Date Submitted: 10/15/2016 07:09 PM
Levels of Prevention
Hannah Warner
Rasmussen College
Author Note
This paper is being submitted on October 9, 2016, for Dr. Toby Yak's H430 Epidemiology course.
Levels of Prevention
Diabetes levels of prevention
Primary prevention of type 2 diabetes begins with public health education programs in high-risk areas, leading to intensive lifestyle intervention with diet or physical activity, or with drug therapy using glucose-lowering agents such as metformin. Complementary approaches that seek to make small shifts in the population distribution of dietary and physical activity behaviors are required (Landgraf, 2014). Such approaches make relatively little difference in risk at the individual level but have a major impact on the public health burden of diabetes when that risk reduction is summated across scores of people in the population. Screenings have been proposed as a secondary prevention measure, in the hope that early detection and early treatment would reduce long-term burden. Tertiary prevention is offered to those who already have the disease in its early stages when it is potentially reversible (Johnson, 2013). This is mostly achieved by weight loss assisted by a change in diet, drug therapy, or bariatric surgery. Such interventions provide proof that hyperglycemia can be reversible, leading to improved treatments.
Lyme disease levels of prevention
Primary prevention of Lyme disease aims to reduce the risk of tick exposure and thereby decrease the incidence of new Lyme disease cases. Secondary prevention targets the development of the disease or reduces disease severity among people who have been bitten by infected ticks. Research in areas where Lyme disease is endemic has demonstrated that despite sufficient knowledge about its symptoms and transmission, many people do not perform behaviors to reduce their risk of infection. New prevention strategies should aim to increase people's faith in their ability to engage in preventive behaviors, raise...