Submitted by: Submitted by Anyce101
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Pages: 10
Category: Science and Technology
Date Submitted: 09/19/2011 12:46 PM
mia 1. Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
-Typical pt- Elderly, 50 years old
Causes: related to marrow failure caused by replacement of normal marrow elements with leukemic blasts
Symptoms:
* Fatigue
* Infections
* Bleeding
* Palor
To Dx AML look for distinctive rodlike structures call Auer roods, which may be present in the myeloblast, which compose 20% of the bone marrow cellularity in AML
2. Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
Typical pt: Adults 25-60
Dx- Diagnosis of CML can be done through blood smear examination, by the presence of Ph chromosome. This is the best way to distinguish CML from leukemoid RXN
Morphology:
* Elevated leukocyte count
* Circulating cells are neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils metamyelocytes and myolocytes
* Elevated platelets
Causes:
* Associated with the presence of a fusion gene call BCR-ABL due to a 9,22 translocation
* Chromosome 22 is referred to as the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome
3. Polycythemia Vera
Causes: hallmark is excessive proliferation and maturation of erythroid , granulocytic, and megakaryocytic elements producing panmyelosis
Symptoms- the most obvious clinical sign and symptom is related to absolute increase in red cell mass
Morphology:
* Increase Blood volume and viscosity
* Congestion of all tissues and organs
* Hepatomegally
* Splenomegaly, due to vascular congestion
4. Acute disseminated Langerhans cell histiocytosis (Letterer-Siwe disease)
Typical pt: Children younger than 2 yrs of age
Signs: development of multifocal cutaneous lesions composed of langerhans cells
Symptoms:
* Hepatosplenomegaly
* Lymphadenopathy
* Pulmonary lesions
* Destructive osteolytic bone lesions
Histiocytosis:
* Proliferating Langerhans cells have human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR) and they express CD1 antigen. These cells also have HX bodies or Birbeck’s granules in the cytoplasm.
5. Disseminated intravascular...