Full Solution of Ch 01

Chapter 1 Temperature and Thermometers

Checkpoint (p.11)

1. Temperature is a physical quantity that measures the degree of hotness or coldness of an object. The most common scales are the Celsius scale and Kelvin scale. Their respective units are °C and K.

2. C

3. B. The lowest possible temperature is −273°C.

Exercise (p.11)

1. C

2. C

3. (a) Incorrect. A physical quantity is a thermometric property as long as it changes with temperature. Whether it changes linearly with temperature is not a necessary condition of being a thermometric property.

(b) Incorrect. A physical quantity is a thermometric property as long as it changes with temperature. Whether it increases or decreases with temperature is not a necessary condition of being a thermometric property.

(c) Incorrect. Y does not change with temperature. It is not a thermometric property.

(d) Correct. Y does not change with temperature. It may represent the mass of an object.

4. The average surface temperature of the Earth in the Kelvin scale

= 15 + 273

= 288 K

5. The average surface temperature of Mars in the Celsius scale

= 210 − 273

= −63°C

Checkpoint (p.21)

1. (a) Correct. From Figure Q1b, the slope of the graph increases with the temperature.

(b) Correct. 5 equally spaced divisions are made between the liquid levels at 0°C and 100°C. From Figure Q1b, the liquid expands non-linearly. Since the slope of the lowest division is the smallest, the lowest division represents a temperature range larger than 20°C.

(c) correct

2. C

From Figure Q2, the variation of the resistance is the largest in the temperature range 60–100°C. Moreover, within that range, the resistance almost changes linearly. It is the best working range.

3. C

Let l be the length of the mercury column at the normal human body temperature of 37°C.

The increase in length of the mercury column when the temperature rises from 0°C to 100°C is l1 = 25 − 5 = 20...