Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 12 Study Guide

Anatomy review for the nervous system - Week 12 Study Guide

Distinguish the difference between neuron, neuroglial cells, Schwann cells, neurofibrils, and astrocytes.

Neurons- the structural and functional cells reacting to the physical and chemical changes in their environment.

Neuroglial Cells- the supporting cells necessary for nourishing and maintaining the neurons, among other functions.

Astrocytes- star-shaped cells located between neurons and blood vessels.

Schwann Cells- The cell that wraps around a nerve fiber to form a protective myelin sheath.

Neurofibrils- A fibril in the cytoplasm of a nerve cell, visible by light microscopy.

What is the difference between dendrites and axons?

Dendrites- transmit signals into the cell body.

Axons- transmit signals away form the cell body.

What color does myelin (the lipid-protein layers that form a sheath around an axon) appear?

Myelin is normally white.

What are the 2 main parts of the nervous system?

The Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).

What are 3 functions of the nervous system?

Sensory Neurons receive information from the sensory receptors, interneurons transfor and interpret impulses, and motor neurons send appropriate impulses/instructions to the muscles and glands.

What is the junction between 2 communicating neurons called?

Synapse.

What are the simplest nerve pathways called?

The reflex arc.

Put the following in the correct sequence to identify the path a reflex arc takes: effector, sensory neuron, motor neuron, receptor, interneuron.

Receptor, Sensory Neuron, Interneuron, Motor Neuron, Effector.

What are the membranes called that are located between the bone and soft tissue of the nervous system?

Meninges

There are 3 layers of membranes of the nervous system. Name them in order starting with the outer layer.

The Dura Mater, The Arachnoid Mater, and the Pia Mater.

Between what 2 layers is the CSF...