Scince

Nutrition is important to health and wellness throughout ones lifespan. Knowledge of changing nutritional requirements is important to deliver quality health care. The student will develop a diet plan for individuals in various life stages.

KEY POINTS

Nutrition through the life stages – all healthy people need the same nutrients during each life stage, just in different amounts.

I. Infancy – Birth to one year

A. Energy needs

1. Basal metabolic rate is two times that of an adult

2. requires approximately 100 kcalories/kilogram of body wt.

3. Birth weight doubles in five months and triples by one year.

B. Nutritional requirements

1. Protein

a. Essential for growth

b. Excess – causes acidosis, dehydration, diarrhea, elevated blood ammonia and urea, and fever.

2. Vitamins and minerals – Requirements in proportion to body weight, for most are more than double an adults

3. Water

1. Normally provided in breast milk or formula

2. Easily lost by hot weather, diarrhea or vomiting.

C. Breast milk

1. Colostrum – “first milk”

a. Milk like secretion from the breast present before milk is produced.

b. Rich in antibodies

2. Bifidus factors - Substances present that favor growth of Lactobacilus bifidus

II. Childhood – One year to puberty

A. Energy needs vary depending on growth and activity

1. inactive children may become obese.

2. Strict vegetarians may have difficulty meeting energy needs.

B. Nutritional needs

1. Protein – total needs increase but decrease gradually in relation to body weight

2. Vitamins and minerals – needs increase with age .

3. Meal planning

a. following the Food Guide Pyramid will fully meet nutritional needs of most children.

b. Select a variety of foods from each food group.

III. Adolescence – Puberty to adulthood

A. Growth patterns of males and females become distinct

1. growth spurt at 10 – 11 for females

2. growth spurt at 12 – 13 for males

3. in females fat assumes a larger...