Management Functions: Leading

LEADING

The Business Dictionary defines leadership as “the activity of leading a group of people or an organization, or the ability to do this”. In its essence, leadership in an organizational role involves: (1) establishing a clear vision, (2) sharing that vision with others so that they will follow willingly, (3) providing the information, knowledge, and methods to realize that vision, and (4) coordinating and balancing the conflicting interests of all members or stakeholders. A leader comes to the forefront in case of crisis, and is able to think and act in creative ways in difficult situations.

Leadership style is the way of providing direction, motivating people, and implementing plans. Kurt Lewin (1939) led a group of researchers to identify different styles of leadership. This early study has been very influential and established three major leadership styles:

Authoritarian or Autocratic: all decision-making powers are centralized in the leader, as with dictators. Leaders do not entertain any suggestions or initiatives from subordinates. This style has been successful as it provides strong motivation to the leader. It permits quick decision-making, as only one person decides for the whole group and keeps each decision to him/herself until he/she feels it needs to be shared with the rest of the group.

Participative or Democratic: favors decision-making by the group. Such a leader gives instructions after consulting the group. They can win the cooperation of their group and can motivate them effectively and positively.

Laissez-faire or Free Reign: leader does not lead, but leaves the group entirely to itself. Such a leader allows maximum freedom to subordinates; they are given a free hand in deciding their own policies and methods.

A good leader uses all three styles, depending on what forces are involved between the followers, the leader, and the situation.

We can apply many of the Marine Corps leadership traits in the corporate world....