Tiffany Holliday

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chapter outline

module 22

Explaining Motivation

Instinct Approaches: Born to Be Motivated Drive-Reduction Approaches: Satisfying Our Needs Arousal Approaches: Beyond Drive Reduction Incentive Approaches: Motivation’s Pull Try It! Do You Seek Out Sensation? Cognitive Approaches: The Thoughts Behind Motivation Maslow’s Hierarchy: Ordering Motivational Needs Applying the Different Approaches to Motivation

module 23

Human Needs and Motivation: Eat, Drink, and Be Daring

The Motivation Behind Hunger and Eating Becoming an Informed Consumer of Psychology: Dieting and Losing Weight Successfully Sexual Motivation The Needs for Achievement, Affiliation, and Power

module 24

Understanding Emotional Experiences

Determining the Range of Emotions: Labeling Our Feelings The Roots of Emotions Exploring Diversity: Do People in All Cultures Express Emotion Similarly? Psychology on the Web The Case of . . . Maria Tokarski, the Happiest Loser Full Circle: Motivation and Emotion

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Armed with Bravery

In just a moment, 27-year-old Aron Ralston’s life changed. An 800-pound boulder dislodged in a narrow canyon where Ralston was hiking in an isolated Utah canyon, pinning his lower arm to the ground. For the next five days, Ralston lay in the dense, lonely forest, unable to escape. An experienced climber who had search-and-rescue training, he had ample time to consider his options. He tried unsuccessfully to chip away at the rock, and he rigged up ropes and pulleys around the boulder in a vain effort to move it. Finally, out of water and nearly dehydrated, Ralston reasoned there was only one option left short of dying. In acts of incredible bravery, Ralston broke two bones in his wrist, applied a tourniquet, and used a dull pen knife to amputate his arm beneath the elbow. Freed from his entrapment, Ralston climbed down from where he had been pinned, and then hiked five miles to safety (Ralston, 2004; Martin, 2006).

motivation and emotion...