The Allelophatic Effect of the Extracted Roots of Soybean in Fusarium Oxysporum

Introduction

Background of the Study

The number of crops that are dealing with various destructive ailments that come from the soil is ascending; this leads to decrease in production, particularly in monocropping (W. Hao; L. Ren; Wei Ran; Q. She 2010).

An allelopathic approach to the natural control for ailments that originated from the soil is known as Intercropping (G. Rodrígueza et al. 2003). Intercropping is the practice of growing two or more crops in close proximity. Allelopathy is a kind of natural control where bioactive metabolites (mycotoxins) are discharge to the atmosphere which came from a plant (Anaya, 1999). Mycotoxins are chemicals that are formed by fungi; they are dangerous to human life and animals. Internationally, these chemicals cause contamination of foods. These chemicals may cause death and relentless ailments at a little amount, frequently in parts per million (ppm) and parts per billion (ppb). (D.G. Schmale III; G.P. Munkvold).

Fusarium fungi is recognized as pathogenic for plant life and they are manufacturers of mycotoxins, that causes destruction of cereals, fruits and vegetable (M.R. F. Geraldo; D. J. Tessmann; C. Kemmelmeier, 2006).

Phenol Compounds can protect plants from mycotoxins. Phenol Compounds are necessity to the development and reproduction of plants. These are formed as a reaction which protects plants from pathogens or diseases (R. Sahelian, M.D.). Flavonoids are examples of Phenol Compounds; these are important groups of plant based compounds. Flavonoids can be found in Legumes, in towering amounts. Legumes are plants that possess peapod; inside this you can find their seeds. Soybeans are a kind of Legumes; these are found in East Asia countries.

Extraction Method can be used in Allelopathy. This process uses the extracted fluid from a certain part of the phenol compound that can defend the plants from mycotoxins which can be the cause of its destruction (M. Azizi; A. Mosavi; T. Nazdar)

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