Anatomy Review for the Nervous System - Week 12 Study Guide

Anatomy review for the nervous system - Week 12 Study Guide

1. Distinguish the difference between neuron, neuroglial cells, Schwann cells, neurofibrils, and astrocytes.

My Answer: Neurons are the cells that make up the brain as well as the skeletal and nervous system. Neuroglial cells are cells that clear out debris and excess materials. Glial cells support neurons by providing support and nutrition. Schwann cells are the cells that the myelin sheath that surrounds and insulates a peripheral nerve fiber. Neurofibrils filaments found in neurons composed of both microtubules and neurofilaments. Astrocytes perform many functions in the brain including biochemical support of endothelial cells that form the blood–brain barrier, provision of nutrients to the nervous tissue, maintenance of extracellular ion balance, and a role in the repair and scarring process of the brain and spinal cord following traumatic injuries.

2. What is the difference between dendrites and axons?

My Answer: Axons transmit signals out of the cell while dendrites transmit signals into the cell.

3. What color does myelin (the lipid-protein layers that form a sheath around an axon) appear?

My Answer: White

4. What are the 2 main parts of the nervous system?

My Answer: The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system

5. What are 3 functions of the nervous system?

My Answer: The brain, the spinal cord, and the nerves

6. What is the junction between 2 communicating neurons called?

My Answer: Synapse

7. What are the simplest nerve pathways called?

My Answer: The reflex arc

8. Put the following in the correct sequence to identify the path a reflex arc takes: effector, sensory neuron, motor neuron, receptor, interneuron.

My Answer: Receptor, Sensory Neuron, Interneuron, Motor Neuron, Effector.

9. What are the membranes called that are located between the bone and soft tissue of the nervous system?

My Answer: Meninges

10. There are 3 layers of...