Exam Study Guide- Communication Disorders

EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE – HEARING AND ARTICULATION DISORDERS

FALL 2011

1. Review the anatomy of the outer, middle, and inner ear. Know all structures and their role in the transmission of sound waves.

2. What is an infant capable of in regard to responding to sound?

3. What is the prevalence (in millions) of hearing impairment in America?

13 million

4. Distinguish between the terms Hard of Hearing and Deaf.

Deaf- Loss exceeding 75 dB, cannot normally acquire language or understand speech.

Hard of hearing- can communicate orally with some difficulty

5. Describe a conductive hearing loss.

Problem with outer or middle ear. Loss is mild to moderate, never severe. Usually can be reversed.

6. What are the two most common causes of conductive hearing loss?

Otitis Media- middle ear infection

Otosclerosis- hardening of middle ear bones (on stapes)

7. What are the 3 types of Otitis media?

Serous (fluid yet no symptoms of illness)

Acute (usually viral with URI)

Chronic (if these fail to clear to clear up after 3 months)

8. Describe a sensorineural hearing loss.

Inner ear (hair cells in cochlea or the acoustic nerve), permanent, mild to deafness, usually affects higher frequencies, has severe effect on speech.

9. How does a sensorineural loss differ from a conductive loss?

Where in the ear it occurs

10. What causes sensorineural loss?

Drugs, noise, infections, maternal rubella, hereditary, birth defects ( anoxia-no oxygen to brain, acoustic neuroma- tumor on acoustic nerve), old age (presbycusis), meniere’s disease (vertigo, tinnitus)

11. What is a mixed hearing loss?

ALWAYS INNER and outer OR middle OR all 3.

12. What is meant by Central Auditory Processing Disorders?

Central auditory system or CNS is damaged (brainstem, fibers to auditory areas of brain, and auditory cortex). The person can perceive sound but does not understand.

13. What is an audiogram?

14. What is the extent of the adverse...