Unit 5 Study Guide

Skeletal System Study Guide

1. What are the functions of the skeleton?

- Support – provides structural framework and points of attachment for tissues/organs (eg. muscles)

- Protection – protects internal organs

- Movement – some bones act as levers, produces movement together with skeletal muscles and joints

- Mineral Storage – storage of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P)

- Blood Cell Production – hemopoiesis (blood cell production) occurs in the red bone marrow

- Storage of Energy – yellow marrow stores fat

2. What is the difference between osteoclasts and osteoblasts?

Osteoblasts build bone, while osteoclasts break bone down.

3. How many bones do we have in our body?

A human adult has 206 bones in their body.

4. What do bones need in order to be healthy?

Calcium

5. Differentiate between tendons, ligaments and joints.

A tendon is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension. A joint is the location at which two or more bones make contact. A ligament is a short band of tough fibrous dense regular connective tissue composed mainly of long, stringy collagen fibers. Ligaments connect bones to other bones ro form a joint.

6. What are the 2 main divisions of the skeletal system? Differentiate between the 2 and what bones are within each.

0. Division – differentiate – bones

1. Axial Skeleton – Bones that support and protect organs of head, neck, truck – skull, auditory ossicles, hyoid bone, vertebral bone, vertebral column, rib cage

2. Appendicular Skeleton – bones of the limbs and hip/shoulder blades – pectoral girdle, upper extremities, pelvic girdle, lower extremities

7. Give the four general categories of bones and their descriptions.

1. long – most bones of upper and lower extremities

2. short – eg. carpals and tarsals

3. flat – eg. cranial bones

4. irregular – eg. vertebrae

8. What is the most commonly broken bone in the body?

The clavical, aka the collar bone

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