Chapter 7 and 8 Analysis

Chapter 7 and 8

Chapter 7

1. The first important thing needed to understanding chapter 7 is understanding what a perception is. A perception is a cognitive process that enables us to interpret and understand out surroundings. Recognizing objects is one of perceptions major functions.

2. Perception involves four different stages, four stages that are vital to understanding information-processing sequence. The first stage is Selective Attention/Comprehension, the second stage is Encoding and Simplification, the third stage is Storage and Retention, and the fourth and last stage is Retrieval and Response.

3. There are seven managerial implications given in the book that are affected by perception, those are; Hiring, Performance Appraisal, Leadership, Communication, Counterproductive Work Behaviors, Physical and Psychological Well-Being, and Designing Web Pages.

4. We also need to understand what a stereotype is. A stereotype is an individual’s set of beliefs about the characteristics or attributes of a group, stereotypes are not always negative. The book gives an example of a good stereotype by saying, “engineers are good at math.”

5. There are four basic stereotypes. Those four are sex-role stereotypes, age stereotypes, racial and ethnic stereotypes, and disability stereotypes.

6. A self-fulfilling prophecy (Pygmalion effect) is that someone’s high expectations for another person result in high performance for that person.

Chapter 8

1. Needs are physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior. They can be strong or weak and are influenced by environmental factors.

2. Maslow proposed that motivation is a function of five basic needs; physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization.

3. There are four content theories; Maslow’s need hierarchy theory, Alderfer’s ERG theory, McClelland’s need theory, and Herzberg’s motivator-hygiene theory.

4. There are 3 process theories; Adam’s equity...