Business

LECTURE 4:

Learning Objectives

Processor Technology and

Architecture

Describe CPU components.

Describe the function of general-purpose and

special-purpose registers.

Describe CPU instruction and execution cycles.

Explain how primitive CPU instructions are

how primitive CPU instructions are

combined to form complex processing operations.

Describe the key CPU design features, including

instruction format, word size, and clock rate.

Compare and contrast CISC and RISC CPUs.

Explain methods of enhancing processor

performance

CIS410/CIS510

Hardware and Software Architecture

Fall 2012

Instructor: Dr. Song Xing

Department of Information Systems

California State University, Los Angeles

Hardware and Software Architecture

2

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

Components

Outline

CPU components

CPU operation

Instructions

CPU architecture

CPU performance

Hardware and Software Architecture

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Hardware and Software Architecture

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CPU in a Simple Computer

CPU: 3 Major Components

ALU (arithmetic logic unit)

Performs calculations and comparisons (data

changed)

CU (control unit)

Moves data to and from CPU registers and other

hard

hardware components (no change in data)

components (no change in data)

Accesses program instructions and issues

commands to the ALU

Registers

Storage locations that hold inputs and outputs for

the ALU

Example: Program counter (PC) or instruction

pointer determines next instruction for execution

Hardware and Software Architecture

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Concept of Registers

Hardware and Software Architecture

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Register Types

(general-purpose registers) Scratchpad for

currently executing program

Small, permanent storage locations

within the CPU used for a particular

purpose

Manipulated directly by the Control Unit

Wired for specific function

Size in bits or bytes (not MB like

memory)

Can hold data, an address or an

instruction

Hardware and Software Architecture

The...