Liquid-Liquid Extraction

Experiment 2: Liquid-Liquid Extraction"

Experiment 2: Liquid-Liquid Extraction

1.0 Introduction Kerosine and water are two immiscible substances which do not mix because water is polar and kerosine is a non-polar hydrocarbon. Also they do not mix because water is more dense than kerosine. When propanoic acid is added to them it distributes itself between the water and kerosine. The amount of propanoic acid which settles in the water is different to the amount in kerosine due to an equilibrium relationship. The objective to this experiment is to determine the percentage of propanoic acid extracted at each stage for the experiment 1.1 Learning Outcomes The aims to this experiment are: 1. To determine the percentage of propanoic acid extracted at each stage for the experiment. 2. To be able to determine an equilibrium curve 3. To find the most efficient way of extracting acid from a kerosine-propanoic acid mixture by using as little water as possible 4. To be familiar with safety and errors relating to calibrated glassware used in the experiment 1.2 Theory

1. N=moles m=mass and Mr=molar mass: generally used to work out number of moles 2. N=moles c=concentration v=volume: generally used to work out number of moles in liquid masses 3. ρ =density m=mass v=volume: used to measure the number of moles in kerosene 4. Nf acid H2O= mole fraction of acid in H2O, N acid H2O = number of moles of acid in water, NH2O = number of moles of kerosene: used to calculate mole fractions of acid in water 5. Nf acid kerosene= mole fraction of acid in kerosene, N acid kerosene = number of moles of acid in kerosene, N kerosene = number of moles of kerosene: used to calculate mole fractions of acid in kerosene 6. N kerosene = number of moles of kerosene, N acid = total number of moles of acid, N acid H2O = number of moles of acid in water: used to calculate number of moles of kerosene available. Doesn't need to be used since we have the density of kerosene

"

1 of 14

Experiment...