Unit 2 Study Guide

Unit 2 Lecture Study Guide

1) What are the parts of an atom? Where are the subatomic particles found?

There are three parts to an atom. A proton is a positively charged particle found in the nucleus that accounts for 1 amu. A neutron has no charge, but still accounts for amu and is found in the nucleus. Electrons are found outside the nucleus in the electron cloud. They have no next to no mass and have a negative charge.

2) How does the Atomic Mass # differ from the Atomic #?

Atomic Mass # is the number of the protons AND neutrons in an atom which make up its total mass while atomic # is simply the number of protons and the main factor in determing what element an atom is.

3) What is an isotope? Give an example (show how it is an isotope).

Different isotopes of the same element have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. Carbon-12, Carbon-13, and Carbon-14 are the three isotopes of Carbon. The atomic number of carbon is 6, so theses isotopes have 6,7, and 8 neutrons respectively.

4) Compare and contrast the 3 basic types of chemical bonds and give an example of each.

The three basic types of chemical bonds are covalent, ionic, and hydrogen. Ionic is the strongest of the bonds and occurs when two atoms give and take an electron from one another, causing them to become either positively or negatively charged ions such as in NaCl. Covalent bonds are the next strongest and occur when atoms share electrons such as in H2O. If the sharing of electrons is unbalanced meaning that the electrons become closer to one of the atoms in the bond, the one closer adopts a slightly negative charge and the one further away adopts a slightly positive charge. This is called a polar bond. The weakest bond is a hydrogen bond. Hydrogen bonds happen due in part to polar covalent bonds. In water, Hydrogen has a slightly positive charge. Hydrogen bonds occur when a slightly negatively charged atom, comes in contact with the slightly positive charged...