What Is Accounting. the Definition of Accounting and Background

What is Accounting

Accounting is generally considered to be the process of keeping track of a business' finances by logging its accounts payable, accounts receivable and other financial transactions – often with accounting software.

The American Accounting Association defines accounting as "the process of identifying, measuring and communicating economic information to permit informed judgments and decisions by users of the information."

While bookkeepers tend to focus on the details, recording transactions in an efficient and organized manner, they may or may not see the overall picture like accountants do, according to Certified Public Accountant Stan Snyder.

"Accountants use the work done by bookkeepers to produce and analyze financial reports," Snyder said. "Although accounting follows the same principles and rules as bookkeeping, an accountant can design a system that will capture all of the details necessary to satisfy the needs of the business -- managerial, financial reporting, projection, analysis, and tax reporting."

One part of accounting focuses on presenting the company's financial information in the required ways to those outside of the company. In order to present the information in a format everyone can understand, accountants follow a set of guidelines. In the United States, most abide by the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. There are different sets of accounting standards for companies that operate overseas, as well as for local and state government entities.

CPA Harold Averkamp said accounting also entails providing a company’s management with the information it needs to keep the business financially healthy.

"Some of the information will originate from the recorded transactions, but some of the information will be estimates and projections based on various assumptions," Averkamp said.

To come up with a company's status and projections, accountants rely on various formulas.Accounting ratios help uncover conditions and trends...