International Trade

CHAPTER 6

DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW VALUATION

Learning Objectives

LO1 How to determine the future and present value of investments with multiple cash flows.

LO2 How loan payments are calculated and how to find the interest rate on a loan.

LO3 How loans are amortized or paid off.

LO4 How interest rates are quoted (and misquoted).

Answers to Concepts Review and Critical Thinking Questions

1. (LO1) The four pieces are the present value (PV), the periodic cash flow (C), the discount rate (r), and the number of payments, or the life of the annuity, t.

2. (LO1) Assuming positive cash flows, both the present and the future values will rise.

3. (LO1) Assuming positive cash flows, the present value will fall and the future value will rise.

4. (LO1) It’s deceptive, but very common. The basic concept of time value of money is that a dollar today is not worth the same as a dollar tomorrow. The deception is particularly irritating given that such lotteries are usually government sponsored!

5. (LO1) If the total money is fixed, you want as much as possible as soon as possible. The team (or, more accurately, the team owner) wants just the opposite.

6. (LO1) The better deal is the one with equal installments.

Solutions to Questions and Problems

NOTE: All end of chapter problems were solved using a spreadsheet. Many problems require multiple steps. Due to space and readability constraints, when these intermediate steps are included in this solutions manual, rounding may appear to have occurred. However, the final answer for each problem is found without rounding during any step in the problem.

Basic

1. (LO1) To solve this problem, we must find the PV of each cash flow and add them. To find the PV of a lump sum, we use:

PV = FV / (1 + r)t

PV@10% = $1,100 / 1.10 + $720 / 1.102 + $940 / 1.103 + $1,160 / 1.104 = $3,093.57

PV@18% = $1,100 / 1.18 + $720 / 1.182 + $940 / 1.183 + $1,160 / 1.184 = $2,619.72...