Protocols and Switching Technique

PROTOCOLS

As discussed earlier in this chapter, a communication protocol is a set of rules that govern communication between computers or between computers and other computer-related devices that exchanges data. When these rules govern a network of devices, the rule set is often referred to as network protocol. If a device does not know what the network’s agreed- upon protocol is, or cannot comply with it, that device cannot communicate on the network.

ETHICAL AND SOCIETAL ISSUES

Telecommuting on the rise

There are millions of such workers in America, in Europe, and in other countries.

Employment Opportunities

Telecommuting enables people who could otherwise not work to join or rejoin the work force.

Saving Time and Money

Organization like telecommuting because it saves the cost of office space, and studies have shown that productivity is higher among telecommuter than employees who work in the office.

LAN PROTOCOL

Before sending a message, a node must announce its intention and determine that the receiving node is ready. There are several methods for establishing this understanding before the actual transmission of data.

* POLLING

* CONTENTION

WAN PROTOCOL

Wide area network protocols are significantly more complex than LAN networks. WANs are often made up incompatible lines, communication processors, and nodes. Also, because of the distance between nodes, signals may deteriorate and become garbled.

THE 7 LAYERS OF OSI MODEL

1. PHYSICAL LAYER - protocols are concerned with the physical medium, or the channel, such as wires, radio waves, and optical fibers.

2. DATA LINK LAYER – takes a raw stream of bits and organizes it into frames by adding special header and trailer bits to indicate the boundaries of each frame. Transmits the message frames to the physical layer for actual transmittal over the line and provides error detection and control.

3. NETWORK LAYER – the computer interacts w/ the network to specify the destination address and to...