Psychology

Heart Study Guide: (Please answer all questions with complete sentences)

1. What is the purpose of the cardiovascular system? To maintain life without the cardiovascular system blood would not be circulated throughout the body and to the tissues and organs of the body they would be deprived of oxygen and nutrients. Waste materials would build up and become toxic. This would kill all tissue and organs and no chance for life.

2. Where is the heart located? In the thorax region of the body, posterior to sternum and costal cartilages between lungs and superior to diaphragm and anterior to vertebrae and large vessels. The apex of the heart is to the left side between the 5- 6 rib just below the nipple line. The base of the heart is posterior surface

3. What is the shape of the heart? Is a hollow pear shaped or cone shaped organ held upside down with its narrow end below and the broader side above.

4. What is the size of the heart? Is usually the size of one’s closed fist and weighs about 250 grams to 350 grams. For averages depending on the person’s size and weight.

5. Name the three layers of the outer layer of the heart. Epicardium- is the outer layer of the heart. It is covered by a special tissue called mesothelium. Mesothelium is a simple squamous epithelial tissue. Myocardium- This middle layer consists of cardiac muscle cells. It’s the part of the heart that contracts during heartbeats. Endocardium- internal layer of the walls. It lines the chambers and valves of the heart and is exposed to blood.

6. What does the pericardium consist of? It consists of epithelial tissue and connective tissue. What is the outer layer of the pericardium called? also called the epicardium, parietal pericardium.

7. Name the 4 chambers of the heart. Left atrium; Right atrium; Left ventricle; Right ventricle.

8. What valve lies between the right...