Ethics

Why systems are vulnerable?

1. Advances in telecommunications and computer software

2. Unauthorized access, abuse or fraud

3. Hardware problems

4. Software problems

5. Computer virus

6. Computer hacker

Concerns for System builders and users:

1. Disasters – destroy computer hardware, programs, data files and equipments.

2. Errors – causes computer to destroy organization’s record keeping and operations

3. Security – prevent unauthorized access, alteration, theft or physical damage.

System Quality Problems

1. Bugs – program code defects or errors.

2. Maintenance Nightmare – maintenance costs high due to organizational change, software complexity and faulty system analysis and design.

3. -------------------------------------------------

Data Quality Problems – caused due to errors during data input or faulty IS and database.

* A threat to an information resource is any danger to which a system may be exposed.

* The exposure of an information resource is the harm, loss or damage that can result if a threat compromises that resource.

* Information system controls are the procedures, devices, or software aimed at preventing a compromise to the system.

Unintentional Threats

1. Human errors - can occur in the design of the hardware and/or information system.

* Can also occur in programming, testing, data collection, data entry, authorization and procedures.

2. Environmental Hazards – include earthquakes, storm, floods, power failures or strong fluctuations, fire and explosions etc.

3. Computer System Failure – can occur as the result of poor manufacturing or defective materials.

Intentional Threats

1. Cybercrimes - activities committed using computers and communications networks, and Internet.

2. Hacker. An outside person who has penetrated a computer system, usually with no criminal intent.

3. Cracker. A malicious hacker.

4. Espionage or trespass – The act of gaining access...