Basic Process

Basic Processes

Amber Williams

Axia College Student

The basic physiological reproduction process differs among the following organisms: bacteria, grasshopper, fish, and bear.

Bacterial Reproduction

Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms that reproduce asexually. Bacterial reproduction most commonly occurs by a kind of cell division called binary fission. Binary fission results in the formation of two bacterial cells that are genetically identical.

Bacterial cells typically contain the following structures: a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, plasmids, flagella, and a nucleiod region.

Most bacteria reproduce by binary fission. During binary fission, the single DNA molecule replicates and both copies attach to the cell membrane.

Binary fission is an effective way for bacteria to reproduce, however it does produce problems. Since the cells produced through this type of reproduction are identical, they are all susceptible to the same type of antibiotics. In order to incorporate some genetic variation, bacteria use a process called recombination. Bacterial recombination can be accomplished through conjugation, transformation, or transduction.

Grasshopper Reproductive Method

The sexes of the grasshopper are separate, and their reproductive organs are in the terminal abdominal segments. The gonads are dorsal to the intestine in the region of the Malphigian tubules. In the male, each of the two testes is composed of a series of slender tubules, follicles, and is located above the intestine. Each testis is joined to a longitudinal vas deferens. The vas deferens is joined to a single ejaculatory duct to which accessory glands are attached. In females, each ovary is composed for several tapering egg tubes which produce the ova. Each ovary is joined to an oviduct leading to the vagina, to which a pair of accessory glands and a single spermatheca is attached. The latter organ is used to store sperm received at copulation.

Fish Reproductive...