Swimmer

A tired swimmer Case Study

4/24/2013

B233

Part 3

1. According to the conduction test, Annie’s nerve function is normal

2. According to the emg test the first stimulated the muscle directly and not much was out of the ordinary. While the second found the muscle response decreased quickly.

3. The results show the activity produced a muscle response that fatigued over time because the muscle response decreased quickly.

4. An action potential enters the presynaptic terminal

voltage-gated channels open and sodium and potassium ions enter the presynaptic terminal

sodium ions cause vesicular membrane to fuse with the presynaptic membrane

neurotransmitter is liberated into the synaptic cleft

the neurotransmitter reacts with the vesicle on the muscle membrane

- Channels open and the muscle membrane closes

this produces an action potential in the muscle membrane

- the neurotransmitter is broken down by presynaptic membrane in the synaptic cleft

neurotransmitter is taken up into the presynaptic cell

5. During the voltage gated channels opening phase if sodium or potassium didnt enter the  terminal the reaction wouldn’t start. If the sodium ions didnt cause the vesicular membrane to fuse the neurotransmitter wouldn’t be liberated. If the channels didnt open the muscle membrane wouldnt close and the action potential wouldn’t be produced in the muscle membrane.

Part 4

1. The thymus gland helps the body protect itself against autoimmunity, which occurs when the immune system turns against itself. The thymus plays a vital role in the lymphatic system and endocrine system.

2. An antigen is a toxin or other foreign substance inducing an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies.

3. I predict that when the neurotransmitter reacts with vesicles on the muscular membrane is when antibodies in Annie’s blood could act to decrease synaptic function.

5. In the absence of treatment, the amplitude of Annie’s endplate potentials...