Notes

Phonology - 3

syllable structure more phonological rules of English derivations & rule-ordering

syllables



phonological unit: 2 parts

syllable

onset

rhyme

nucleus

coda

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syllabic nucleus



nucleus (peak)



vowel (or syllabic segment)

vowel segment = syllabic nucleus  syllable:



nucleus = V  onset = C preceding nucleus  coda = C following nucleus



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syllabic structure



setting up a syllable: order



1. nucleus 2. onset 3. coda

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



syllabic representation

syllable = σ nucleus = N coda = Co rhyme = R onset = O

+ association lines

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order: N – O – Co

σ R O N Co

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note on textbook presentation of syllables

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examples

sun even street /sʌn/ /ivən/ / strit /

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/sʌn/

σ R O s N ʌ Co n

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/ivən/

σ R N i O v

σ R N ə Co n

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/strit/

σ R O str N i Co t

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class:

loveliest

σ R O N Co

l ʌ v

σ R O N

l i

σ R N Co

ə st

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how to syllabify…

extreme /ɛks.trim/ decline /dək.lajn/ /ɛk.strim/ ✔ /də.klajn/ ✔

fundamental phonological principle:

build onset as much as possible without violating phonotactics of language

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syllable structure & English phonological rules

phonetic length in English



predictable based on syllable structure

consider

badge bad phase leave pig batch bat face leaf pick

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phonetic length in English



in English vowels are long before voiced obstruents

badge bad phase leave pig

batch bat face leaf pick

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phonetic length in English

now consider

redo [rij.duw]

obey [ow.bej]

voiced obstruent is not in same syllable as preceding V

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vowel-lengthening rule



English vowel-lengthening rule: English Vs are long when followed by a voiced obstruent in the same syllable

V

➔ [ + long ] / ___ Cσ

[-sonorant] [+voice]

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aspiration in English

/p/ /t/ /k/

pin ✔ upon ✔ ton ✔ attack ✔

spin upper

nap appear ✔ happy

stun nut petunia✔...