Respiration

Respiration I. Background A. Function 1. Supply body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide B. Processes 1. Pulmonary ventilation a. Moving air in and out of lungs 2. External respiration a. Gas exchange between blood and chambers of lungs 3. Transport of respiratory gases a. Gases must be transported between lungs and tissue cells of the body i. Accomplished by cardiovascular system 4. Internal respiration a. Gas exchanges between blood and tissue cells II. Anatomy of the Respiratory System

A. Organs 1. Nose 2. Nasal cavity 3. Pharynx 4. Larynx 5. Trachea 6. Bronchi 7. Lungs a. Alveoli

B. Respiratory zone 1. Site of gas exchange a. Respiratory bronchioles b. Alveolar ducts c. Alveoli d. Microscopic structures C. Conducting zone 1. Conduits that provide air to reach respiratory zone a. Warm, filter and humidify air III. Organs of the Respiratory System A. Nose and paranasal sinuses

1. Functions a. Airway for respiration b. Moistens and warms air c. Filters air i. Removes foreign matter d. Resonating chamber for speech e. Houses olfactory receptors 2. External nose a. Root and bridge b. Dorsum nasi c. Apex d. Philtrum e. External nares (nostrils) f. Alae

3. Nasal cavity a. Divided by nasal septum b. Air enters through external nares c. Continuous with nasal portion of pharynx 4. Vestibule a. Cavity superior to nostrils b. Glands i. Sebaceous and sweat c. Hair follicles i. Filter course particles 5. Remaining nasal cavity is lined with mucous membranes a. Olfactory mucous (see Sensory Lecture) b. Respiratory mucous 6. Respiratory mucous a. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium b. Mucous and serous glands i. Mucous cells secrete mucous ii. Serous cells secrete enzyme laden watery fluid c. Mucous contains lysozyme i. Antibacterial enzyme d. Ciliated cells create current that moves mucous toward pharynx i. Swallowed and digested 7. Paranasal sinuses a. Located in frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary bones b. Connected to nasal cavity by...