Nurse

Review for Musculoskeletal System

1. Types of movements—flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, supination, pronation, dorsiflexion, and plantar flexion

2. How to turn after the patient hip replacement.

3. fat embolism

a. Etiology

i. Embolization of fat tissue with platelets

ii. The break in the bone forces molecules of fat into the blood stream

b. Clinical manifestations

iii. mental disturbances, such as irritability, restlessness, disorientation, stupor, and coma

c. Medical management/nursing interventions

iv. IV fluids

v. Steroids, digoxin

vi. Oxygen (priority action)

4. Contusions

d. Etiology

vii. most common soft tissue injury.

viii. An injury from a blow or blunt force causes local bleeding under the skin and possibly a hematoma

ix. contusion of the brain is very serious, whereas a contusion of the arm is less serious

x. Large areas affected by soft tissue bleeding with slow absorption of the blood have a higher potential of developing into cellulitis

e. Medical treatment

xi. Most contusions are treated by applying ice bags or cold compresses for 15 to 20 minutes at a time over 12 to 36 hours for the vasoconstricting effects of cold.

xii. The involved extremity is elevated to reduce edema and suppress pain.

5. Gout

f. Etiology

xiii. Metabolic disease resulting from an accumulation of uric acid in the blood.

xiv. Acute inflammatory condition associated with ineffective metabolism of purines.

xv. affects men approximately eight times more frequently than women and usually occurs in middle life

g. Clinical manifestations

xvi. Tophi

xvii. Great toe

xviii. Onset occurs at night, with excruciating pain, edema, and inflammation in the affected joint

xix. The pain may last a short time but...