Ancient India

India is surrounded by Mountain ranges to the North and west. These mountain ranges made it harder for invaders to enter ancient India; therefore, lessened the threat of attack. This allowed the first ancient cities of Harappa and Mohenjo Daro to thrive from around 2300 B.C. to 1700 B.C. After the collapse of the Harappan civilization, the Aryans emerged in the Indus River Valley and contributed to the beginnings of the Hindu Religion and developed the Sanskrit language.

The ancient civilization of India was one of the most technologically advanced societies. The Indus River Valley civilization became an advanced technological society due to the higher levels of thinking in the society. One example of such sophisticated thinking was present in India's main religion of Hinduism. Hinduism, which was practiced by 70% of ancient India's population, aided in the creation of the caste system, a characteristic unique to ancient India. This system, based on skin shade, served to classify Indians into different social classes and presented each individual with a stable identity. Each caste had specific rights, privileges, and restrictions, such as what types of jobs one could do, or if one was allowed an education.

Another factor that aided India in reaching a greater status in the history of civilization was the society's extensive intellectual activity. Those who were privileged enough to receive an education underwent 12 years of rigorous study in mathematics, philosophy, religion, and writing. This education system enabled the ancient Indians to produce advanced moral and philosophical works, as well as treatises that could be compared to documents that were to be produced thousands of years later. Ancient India also gave importance to other facets of education, such as mathematics and art. The physics concepts studied by the upper-class Indians were very similar to the Greeks' ideas of physics. Ancient Indian civilization also abounded with religious structures,...